Data thefts and damaging of businesses via information technology has become a common crime these days. Cybercrimes like hacker attack, malicious software and DDos attacks are a real danger in the context of global IT development, and it is getting harder to combat them.

Injuries to reputation, violations of internal and external business processes, and payment of damages to clients for the leakage of their data are the main losses of a company from cyberattacks. Cyber risk insurance is not a substitute for data security measures, but it may become the only way to minimize losses.

According to Allied Market Research, a British analytical center, the volume of cyber risk insurance market will reach 14 billion US dollars, and by 2025, it will amount to 20 billion US dollars (according to Allianz, a German insurance company). The USA is the leader in cyber insurance with its domestic market of 1.35 billion US dollars, which is quite natural for the major part of cybercrimes accrues to the USA.

Market volume of cyber risk insurance in Russia is around 15 million US dollars. Demand for this type of insurance has just started to develop: a small number of contracts have been concluded, and most of them have been executed by subsidiaries of foreign insurance companies. Total cyber insurance amount of AlfaStrakhovanie company is 100 million euros. There are over 20 largest Russian business entities among its corporate customers. The first company to protect itself from cyber risks was MTS, a mobile network operator, followed by VimpelCom. Ingosstrakh and Liberty Insurance have started to conclude insurance contracts.

By 2022, a large-scale cyber risk insurance market is going to be created under the government-run program Digital Economy, and insurance premiums are to reach 20 million US dollars. Sberbank will chair the working group. The Ministry of Finance, Central Bank, Federal Security Service and All-Russian Union of Insurers are to assist achieving the goal.

Procedure of cyberattack protection is to become compulsory for a number of sectors and public bodies, such as banks, military and industrial enterprises and tax service. This project is to result in amendments of the Federal Law “On organization of insurance”, and introduction of a new type of service – cyber risk insurance.

Process of reduction of active legal entities being unexampled on a scale is conducting in Russia for two consecutive years: following the results of 2017, the number of active legal entities in Russia reduced by 183 th – to 4 371 th companies. Totally for 2016-2017 almost half a million on one in ten company were removed from EGRUL. It is the first time for the entire time of conducting centralized statistics of legal entities registration when such a result was obtained.

The number of operating companies in 2017 is compatible to eight years ago figures, and the negative dynamics of legal entities registration should be expected in mid-term (see Picture 1).

At first sight, the reason of legal entities reduction is of economic nature: poor demand for several years is resulted in slowdown and ultimately closing of an enterprise. However, relatively few companies in Russia are liquidated after bankruptcy proceedings – about 10 th per year or 0,7% of total ceased companies. The statistics is near the same level without any significant positive or negative changes.

The main reason is striking “paper” and “abandoned” companies off EGRUL by decision of the registering authority – 547 th or 84,4% of total cases of liquidation in 2017 (see Picture 3).

Picture 1. Number of operating legal entities

647 th legal entities were liquidated and 454 th were established in 2017. Excess of liquidated legal entities over established ones is 43% (see Picture 2). Over the entire EGRUL history, the highest number of liquidated companies was recorded in 2016 – 781 th. At the same time, there is no positive trend in new companies’ establishment.

Totally 1,4 mln companies ceased activities om 2016 – 2017 that is compatible to four previous years 2012 – 2015 (1,6 mln legal entities).

Picture 2. Number of established and liquidated legal entities, per year

Number of companies ceased activities after reorganization reduced in 2,5 times (from 48 th to 20 th) in 2017. When reorganizing the proprietor is obliged to prove the company has passed tax audit and has no debts. When the company starts to reorganize, tax authorities begin to check legal address and the company’s reality. That is why shell companies reject “alternative” form of liquidation through reorganization.

In 2017, the FTS has got the right to remove companies in case of record on false data in EGRUL, if the company does not provide true information within 6 months. Totally 550 th records were entered the register for the previous year.

Picture 3. Dynamics of reasons for cessation of legal entities activity in Russia by years

The majority of legal entities are registered in Moscow – 938,8 th; 337,9 th in Saint-Petersburg and 229,2 th in Moscow region. The share of these three subjects in total number of companies in Russia is 34,4%. The first 10 regions together accumulates 53% companies in Russia.

In absolute terms the highest decrease in number of legal entities for 2017 was registered in the Republic of Tatarstan – minus 13 th. Then follows Sverdlovsk region and Moscow – minus 12 th. As a reminder, there was a decrease by 172 th companies in 2016 when Moscow was absolute leader in shell companies liquidation. Nowadays the FTS conducts removal in regions.

Speaking about relative figures, Khanty-Mansi autonomous district – Yugra sustained the highest losses of 14% of total legal entities.

Sevastopol and the Republic of Crimea demonstrates increase in legal entities both in absolute and relative terms. It is connected with entering the territories into the Russian Federation and re-registration of local companies.

Rapid decrease in the number of legal entities in Russia is not resulted from slackening of economic activity, but from the FTS policy of striking «paper» companies off EGRUL. Business community was waiting for targeted measures concerning registration of companies working on paper alone, as well as curtailing of business schemes for tax evasion or fraudulent transactions.

On the background of active struggle against shell companies, it is necessary to clarify the idea of possibility of registering a legal entity without legal address (office) on the basis of a mail box or electronic service approved in January 2018 by the Presidium of the President's Council for Strategic Development and Priority Projects chaired by the prime minister Dmitry Medvedev. Initiative is promoted within the frameworks of virtual economy formation. According to Maxim Oreshkin, Minister for Economic Development, related amendments could come into force this year.

The proposal contravenes current practice of the FTS considering physical absence of the company or its executive at the address specified in EGRUL as one of the signs of shell company. Monitor the situation through news on Credinform.