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Trends on the labor market
The main characteristics of the labor market are employment, unemployment and economic activity of the population.
Following the results of 2016, work-force size in the RF was 76 636,1 th people and 72 392,6 th people were employed. Economic activity reached 69,5% at the level of employment of 65,7%. At the same time, volume of unemployment was 5,5%. Data for previous years are presented in the table 1.
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total population as of December 31, th people | 143 056,4 | 143 347,1 | 143 666,9 | 146 267,3 | 146 544,7 | 146 804,4 |
| Work-force size, th people | 75 779,0 | 75 676,1 | 75 528,9 | 75 428,4 | 76 587,5 | 76 636,1 |
| Number of employed, th people | 70 856,6 | 71 545,4 | 71 391,5 | 71 539,0 | 72 323,6 | 72 392,6 |
| Number of unemployed, th people | 4 922,4 | 4 130,7 | 4 137,4 | 3 889,4 | 4 263,9 | 4 243,5 |
| Labour force participation rate, % | 68,3 | 68,7 | 68,5 | 68,9 | 69,1 | 69,5 |
| Employment rate, % | 63,9 | 64,9 | 64,8 | 65,3 | 65,3 | 65,7 |
| Unemployment rate, % | 6,5 | 5,5 | 5,5 | 5,2 | 5,6 | 5,5 |
Among the trends on the labor market in 2016 are: reduction of job hunting requests at increase of searching period; demand for office-seekers with experience at difficulties in finding a good specialist; growth of importance of a specific employee on the background of reduction of downsizing. Contrary to specialists of transport, logistics and IT markets, insurance agents, loan officers and bank operators are in the risk zone. The number of vacancies in human resource management and trainings has increased.
According to the analysis of the situation on the labor market, it is under transformation. Employers are searching for qualified stuff that is why companies have changed their approach to recruitment and personnel reserve. As a result, the nowadays trend is about constant assessment of working stuff, training, using specialist’s (department’s) coefficient of performance, etc. Step by step these processes become more significant, requiring skills, higher involvement and constant development. Analysts expect the transformation will be finished in 2018.
Nevertheless, this argument is hardly to be agreed with, taking into account the impact factors forming on the labor market. The experts combined them in three groups. The first one is connected with opportunities of digital technologies:
- types of work currently being performed by a man and that can be performed by robots, artificial intelligence, automated systems and similar are increasing;
- digital technologies facilitate access to a wide range of business information;
- increase in use of Big Data (processing and analysis of large amounts of data, including poorly structured) and in-depth analytics, which are vital to business.
The second group covers own changes in business:
- processes of activity become more complicated with increase in stuff and number of business units;
- this is resulted in difficulties with planning, management, estimation of labor efficiency of each employee; all these affect the company’s productivity;
- implementation of innovations will serve to creation of more flexible management structures, growth of their mobility and extension of fields for experiments.
Changes of offers on the labor market are characterized by the third group of factors: change of population; deficit of certain skills; geopolitical and economical changes in distribution of power and incomes; predominant of heterogeneous workgroups; growth of individualism and ambitions for going into business on their own.
The trend among employers to seek for qualified specialists with the accent on working experience becomes clear. The reduction of offers for low-qualified personnel by 5% every year is expected since 2018. At forming trends and existing approaches to professional training the total level of real unemployment in Russia could reach 20-25% by the year 2022.