The assignment of information to the category of limited access is regulated by 111 legislative acts, including decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, codes and federal laws.

This kind of information, in its most general form, includes the following types of secrets:

• legal professional privilege and audit confidentiality;
• banking confidentiality;
• physician–patient privilege;
• state, commercial, tax and notarial secrecy;
• official secrecy in the field of defense;
• secrecy of: wills, confessions, pawnshop, communications, investigation, deliberations of judges, insurance, adoption.

The Federal Law No. 206-FL of 11.06.2021 introduced amendments to the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, tightening the liability for disclosing the limited access information and establishing administrative liability for illegal obtaining limited access information. Such offenses are subject to administrative fines:

• for private individuals – from 5 to 10 thousand RUB;
• for officials - from 40 to 50 thousand RUB or disqualification for up to 3 years;
• for legal entities – from 100 to 200 thousand RUB.

In addition, the administrative responsibility for the illegal dissemination of information about protected persons has been strengthened. The concept of protected persons is regulated by Art. 2. “Persons subject to state protection” of the Federal Law No. 45-FL of 20.04.1995. Those involved:

• judges, arbitration court assessors and jurors;
• prosecutors, investigators, interrogators and persons carrying out operational-search activities;
• military personnel, employees and federal state civil servants of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, institutions and bodies of the penal system, the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, enforcement bodies of the Russian Federation;
• employees of the foreign intelligence agencies of the Russian Federation, the federal security service, the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, state security;
• employees of the State Fire Service, servicemen of rescue military formations and federal state civil servants of the federal executive body in the field of emergency prevention and elimination of the consequences of natural disasters;
• employees of the control bodies of the President of the Russian Federation, exercising control over the implementation of laws and other regulatory legal acts, detection and suppression of offenses;
• employees of customs and tax authorities, antimonopoly authorities, federal bodies of state control, the Federal Service for Financial Monitoring, the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, as well as other categories of state and municipal employees according to a separate list of the Government of the Russian Federation;
• relatives of the above persons.

Moreover, the Federal Law No. 216-FL of 11.06.2021 amended Art. 183 and 320 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, clarifying the rules on the illegal disclosure of commercial and tax secrecy, and banking confidentiality, as well as information on security measures in relation to officials of law enforcement or regulatory agencies.

Thus, an amendment has been made that this information can also be collected by deception, blackmail or coercion.

The maximum term of correctional labor for illegal disclosure or use of such information, without the consent of its owner by the person to whom it was entrusted or became known in the service or work, has been increased to 4 years.

Increased liability is provided for these offenses committed by a group of persons in a preliminary conspiracy or by an organized group.

Responsibility for the disclosure of information about security measures applied to officials of law enforcement and regulatory bodies, as well as their relatives, occurs if it is committed by a person to whom the information was entrusted or became known in connection with his official activities.

Possible punishments for such crimes include compulsory work for up to 480 hours or restriction of freedom for up to 2 years.

Information agency Credinform presents a review of the activity trends of the companies in Yekaterinburg.

The largest companies of the city (TOP-1000) in terms of annual revenue were selected for the analysis according to the data from the Statistical Register and the Federal Tax Service for the latest available accounting periods (2016 – 2020). The selection of companies and the analysis were based on the data from the Information and Analytical system Globas.

Net assets are total assets less total liabilities. This indicator reflects the real value of the property of an enterprise. When the company’s debt exceeds the value of its property, the indicator is considered negative (insufficiency of property).

The largest company in term of net assets is JSC FEDERAL FREIGHT, INN 6659209750, Sverdlovsk region, engaged in renting and leasing of railway transport and equipment. In 2020, net assets value of the enterprise amounted to almost 97 billion RUB.

The lowest net assets value among TOP-1000 was recorded for JSC RUSSIAN COPPER COMPANY, INN 6670061296, Sverdlovsk region, engaged in treatment of waste and non-ferrous scrap. In 2020, insufficiency of property of the enterprise was indicated in negative value of more than -8 billion RUB.

During the five-year period, the average net assets values of TOP-1000 have a trend to increase, with the decreasing growth rates (Picture 1).

Picture 1. Change in average net assets value in TOP-1000 in 2016 - 2020

The shares of TOP-1000 companies with insufficient property had positive trend to decrease during last 5 years (Picture 2).

Picture 2. Shares of TOP-1000 companies with insufficient property in 2016 - 2020

Sales revenue
The revenue volume of TOP-10 companies amounted to 31% of the total revenue of TOP-1000 in 2020 (Picture 3). It gives evidence to a relatively high level of the capital concentration among companies in Yekaterinburg.

Picture 3. Shares of TOP-10 companies in the total revenue of TOP-1000 in 2020

In general, there is a trend to increase in revenue with decreasing growth rates (Picture 4).

Picture 4. Change in average industry revenue of TOP-1000 companies in 2016– 2020

Profit and loss
The largest TOP-1000 company in term of net profit in 2020 is AO SINARA GROUP, INN 6658252583, engaged in renting and operating of own or leased real estate. The company’s profit amounted to almost 14 billion RUB. During five-year period, the average profit figures and its growth rates of TOP-1000 companies have a trend to decrease (Picture 5).

Picture 5. Change in average profit (loss) of TOP-1000 companies in 2016- 2020

During five-year period, the average net profit figures of TOP-1000 companies were increasing, whereas the average net loss was increasing, as well. (Picture 6).

Picture 6. Change in average net profit and net loss of ТОP-1000 companies in 2016 – 2020

Key financial ratios
During five-year period, the average values of the current liquidity ratio of TOP-1000 companies were above the recommended one – from 1,0 to 2,0, with a trend to increase. (Picture 7).

Current liquidity ratio (current assets to short-term liabilities) shows the sufficiency of company’s assets to repay on short-term liabilities.

Picture 7. Change in average values of current liquidity ratio of TOP-1000 in 2016 – 2020

During five years, the average ROI values of TOP-1000 companies had a trend to decrease (Picture 8).

ROI ratio is calculated as net profit to sum of shareholders equity and long-term liabilities, and shows the return of equity involved in commercial activities and long-term borrowed funds.

Picture 8. Change in average values of ROI ratio of TOP-1000 in 2016 – 2020

Assets turnover ratio is the ratio of sales revenue and company’s average total assets for a period. It characterizes the effectiveness of using of all available resources, regardless the source of their attraction. The ratio shows how many times per year the full cycle of production and circulation is performed, generating the corresponding effect in the form of profit.

During the five-year period, there was a trend to decrease of this ratio (Picture 9).

Picture 9. Change in average values of assets turnover ratio of TOP-1000 companies in 2016 – 2020

Small enterprises
68% companies of TOP-1000 are registered in the Register of small and medium-sized enterprises of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation. However, their share in total revenue of TOP-1000 in 2020 amounted to more than 21%, which is a little higher than the average country values in 2018 - 2019 (Picture 10).

Picture 10. Shares of small and medium-sized enterprises in TOP-1000

Financial position score
According to the assessment, the financial position of most of TOP-1000 companies is above average (Picture 11).

Picture 11. Distribution of TOP-1000 companies by financial position score

Solvency index Globas
Most of TOP-1000 companies got Superior / High and Strong / Medium index Globas. This fact shows their ability to meet their obligations fully and by the due date (Picture 12).

Picture 12. Distribution of TOP-1000 companies by solvency index Globas

Conclusion
Complex assessment of activity of the largest companies in Yekaterinburg, taking into account the main indexes, financial ratios and indicators, demonstrates the prevalence of positive trends in their activity in 2016 – 2020 (Table 1).

Table 1. Positive and negative trends, evaluation factors

Trends and evaluation factors	Relative share of factor, %
Dynamics of the average net assets value	10
Rate of growth (decline) in the average size of net assets	-10
Increase / decrease in the share of enterprises with negative values of net assets	10
Level of capital concentration (monopolization)	5
Dynamics of the average revenue	10
Rate of growth (decline) in the average size of revenue	-10
Dynamics of the average profit (loss)	-10
Rate of growth (decline) in the average size of profit (loss)	-10
Growth / decline in average values of net profit	10
Growth / decline in average values of net loss	-10
Increase / decrease in average values of current liquidity ratio	5
Increase / decrease in average values of return on investment ratio	-10
Increase / decrease in average values of asset turnover ratio, times	-10
Share of small and medium-sized businesses in terms of revenue being more than 20%	10
Financial position (the largest share)	10
Solvency index Globas (the largest share)	10
Average value of relative share of factors	0,6

positive trend (factor), negative trend (factor)